Ingilazi entantayo ne-Rolled Glass
Ingilazi entantayo
Inqubo yokuntanta, eyasungulwa ngu-Sir Alastair Pilkington ngo-1952, yenza ingilazi eyisicaba.Le nqubo ivumela ukwakhiwa kwengilazi ecacile, enemibala futhi eboshwe ezakhiweni, kanye nengilazi ecacile nenemibala yezimoto.
Kunezitshalo ezintantayo ezingaba ngu-260 emhlabeni wonke ezikhiqiza amathani engilazi angaba ngu-800,000 ngeviki.Isitshalo esintantayo, esisebenza ngokungami phakathi kweminyaka eyi-11-15, senza amakhilomitha angaba ngu-6000 engilazi ngonyaka ngobukhulu obungu-0.4mm kuya ku-25mm futhi ngobubanzi bufike kumamitha amathathu.
Ulayini wokuntanta ungacishe ube uhhafu wekhilomitha ubude.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingena ekugcineni futhi zisuka kwamanye amapuleti ezingilazi ziyaphuma, zisikwe ngendlela eqondile, ngamanani afika kumathani ayi-6,000 ngesonto.Phakathi nezigaba eziyisithupha ezididiyelwe kakhulu.
Ukuncibilika kanye nokucwengwa
Izithako ezicolekile, ezilawulwa ngokuseduze ngekhwalithi, zixutshwa ukwenza inqwaba, egeleza esithandweni esishiselwa ku-1500 ° C.
I-Float namuhla yenza ingilazi yekhwalithi eseduze yokubona.Izinqubo eziningana - ukuncibilika, ukucwenga, ukwenza i-homogenising - kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kumathani angu-2,000 wengilazi encibilikisiwe esithandweni somlilo.Zenzeka ezindaweni ezihlukene ekugelezeni kwengilazi eyinkimbinkimbi eqhutshwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, njengoba umdwebo ubonisa.Yengeza enqubweni yokuncibilika eqhubekayo, ehlala isikhathi eside esingangamahora angu-50, eletha ingilazi ku-1,100 ° C, engenakho ukufakwa namabhamuza, ngokushelelayo nangokuqhubekayo kubhavu lokuntanta.Inqubo yokuncibilika iwukhiye wekhwalithi yengilazi;futhi izingoma zingashintshwa ukuze kushintshwe izakhiwo zomkhiqizo oqediwe.
Ibhavu Lokuntanta
Ingilazi esuka ekuncibilikeni igeleza kancane phezu kwe-spout ephikisayo iye endaweni efana nesibuko yethini elincibilikisiwe, iqala ku-1,100°C futhi ishiye ukugeza okuntantayo njengeribhoni eliqinile ku-600°C.
Umgomo wengilazi entantayo awushintshile kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kodwa umkhiqizo usushintshe kakhulu: usuka kugqinsi olulodwa lokulinganisa elingu-6.8mm ukuya kububanzi obusuka ku-sub-millimeter ukuya ku-25mm;ukusuka kuribhoni evamise ukonakaliswa ukufakwa, amabhamuza kanye nemigqa kuya cishe ekupheleleni kokubona.I-Float iletha lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuphela komlilo, ukukhazimula kwe-chinaware entsha.
Annealing & Inspection & Cutting ukuze oda
● Ukukhipha
Naphezu kokuzola okwakhiwa ngakho ingilazi entantayo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwakhiwa iribhoni njengoba liphola.Ukucindezeleka okukhulu futhi ingilazi izophuka ngaphansi komsiki.Isithombe sibonisa ukucindezelwa ngeribhoni, okuvezwa ukukhanya kwe-polarized.Ukukhulula lokhu kucindezeleka i-ribbon ithola ukwelashwa okushisa esithandweni eside esaziwa ngokuthi i-lehr.Amazinga okushisa alawulwa eduze kokubili kanye nangaphesheya kweribhoni.
●Ukuhlola
Inqubo yokuntanta idume ngokwenza ingilazi eyisicaba, engenasici.Kodwa ukuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwenzeka kuzo zonke izigaba.Kwesinye isikhathi ibhamuza alikhishwa ngesikhathi sokucwengwa, uhlamvu lwesihlabathi luyenqaba ukuncibilika, ukundindizela ethini kubeka ama-ripples kuribhoni yengilazi.Ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo ku-inthanethi kwenza izinto ezimbili.Iveza amaphutha enqubo enhla nomfula angalungiswa okuvumela amakhompyutha ezansi nomfula ukuze aqondise amaphutha abasiki nxazonke.Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola manje buvumela izilinganiso ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 ngomzuzwana ukuba zenziwe ku-ribbon, ukuthola amaphutha iso elilodwa elingeke likwazi ukukubona.
Idatha ishayela abasiki 'abahlakaniphile', okuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kukhasimende.
●Ukusika ngokuhleleka
Amasondo edayimane anquma i-selvedge - imiphetho egcizelelwe - futhi asike iribhoni ngosayizi oshiwo yikhompyutha.Ingilazi entantayo ithengiswa ngemitha yesikwele.Amakhompyutha ahumusha izidingo zamakhasimende zibe amaphethini okusikeka okuklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukumoshakala.
Ingilazi Eginqikayo
Inqubo yokugoqa isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwengilazi yephaneli yelanga, ingilazi enephethini eyisicaba kanye nengilazi enezintambo.Umfudlana oqhubekayo wengilazi encibilikisiwe uthululelwa phakathi kwama-rollers apholile ngamanzi.
Ingilazi egoqiwe isetshenziswa kakhulu kumamojula we-PV kanye nabaqoqi be-thermal ngenxa yokudluliswa kwayo okuphezulu.Mncane umehluko wezindleko phakathi kwengilazi egoqiwe neyintantayo.
Ingilazi egoqiwe ikhethekile ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-macroscopic.Uma ukudluliselwa kuphezulu kuba ngcono futhi namuhla ukusebenza okuphezulu kwengilazi egoqelwe yensimbi ephansi kuzofinyelela ngokujwayelekile ukudlulisela okungu-91%.
Kungenzeka futhi ukwethula isakhiwo esingaphezulu phezu kwengilazi.Izakhiwo ezihlukene ezingaphezulu zikhethwa kuye ngokuthi kuhloswe ukukusebenzisa.
Isakhiwo esingaphezulu esishisiwe sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa amandla okunamathela phakathi kwe-EVA nengilazi ezinhlelweni ze-PV.Ingilazi ehlelekile isetshenziswa kokubili kwe-PV kanye nezicelo zelanga le-thermo.
Ingilazi enephethini yenziwa ngenqubo yokudlula eyodwa lapho ingilazi igeleza iye kumarola ngezinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-1050°C.I-cast cast iron noma i-stainless steel roller iqoshwe nge-negative yephethini;i-roller ephezulu ibushelelezi.Ukuqina kulawulwa ngokulungiswa kwegebe phakathi kwama-roller.Iribhoni ishiya amarola cishe ku-850°C futhi isekelwa phezu kochungechunge lwamarola ensimbi apholile ukuya ku-annealing lehr.Ngemva annealing ingilazi isikwe ngobukhulu.
Ingilazi enezintambo yenziwa ngenqubo yokudlula kabili.Inqubo isebenzisa amapheya amabili aqhutshwa ngokuzimela amanzi apholile akha amarola ngayinye ephakelwa ngokugeleza okuhlukile kwengilazi encibilikisiwe evela esithandweni somlilo esincibilikayo.Ipheya lokuqala lama-roller likhiqiza iribhoni yengilazi eqhubekayo, ingxenye yobukhulu bomkhiqizo wokugcina.Lokhu kwembozwe nge-wire mesh.Okuphakelayo kwesibili kwengilazi, ukunikeza iribhoni ubukhulu obufanayo nobokuqala, bese kwengezwa futhi, nge-wire mesh "i-sandwiched", iribhoni idlula kupheya lesibili lamarola akha iribhoni lokugcina lengilazi enezintambo.Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-anneal, i-ribbon isikwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile okusika nokuhlwitha.